Choosing between the .450 Marlin and the .45-70 Government is a decision that hinges on your specific needs and hunting style. Both cartridges are powerful contenders in the realm of big-bore hunting rounds, but their strengths and weaknesses differ significantly. This in-depth comparison will illuminate the key distinctions, helping you make an informed choice.
Ballistics and Performance: A Head-to-Head
While both cartridges are undeniably powerful, their ballistic characteristics reveal subtle but significant differences. The .450 Marlin, designed specifically for Marlin lever-action rifles, generally offers a flatter trajectory and slightly higher velocity at shorter ranges. This translates to better accuracy and less bullet drop for shots within 200 yards. However, the .45-70, with its longer history and diverse load options, can be loaded to achieve comparable – or even greater – energy at longer ranges, making it a more versatile choice for those hunting at extended distances.
Velocity and Energy:
The .450 Marlin typically boasts a muzzle velocity in the 2,200-2,400 fps range, while the .45-70, depending on the load, can reach from 1,800 fps to over 2,200 fps. Energy levels are comparable, but again, the specific load plays a crucial role. Heavier .45-70 loads can deliver significantly more energy than a standard .450 Marlin round.
Recoil:
Both cartridges generate substantial recoil. The .450 Marlin, often considered slightly lighter-recoiling due to its generally lower weight bullets, is still substantial. The .45-70's recoil can be significantly more pronounced, especially with heavier loads. This difference is critical for shooters, influencing comfort and follow-up shot capabilities.
Rifle Availability and Versatility
The .450 Marlin is primarily found in Marlin lever-action rifles (and some other lever guns), limiting its versatility in terms of action type. The .45-70, conversely, enjoys much broader availability. You'll find it chambered in bolt-action rifles, lever-action rifles, single-shot rifles, and even some modern semi-automatic platforms. This versatility allows for greater flexibility in choosing a rifle that best suits your preferences and shooting style.
Ammunition Availability:
Both cartridges enjoy relatively good ammunition availability, but the .45-70 benefits from a far longer history of production and a wider range of load options – from light plinking rounds to extremely powerful hunting loads.
Hunting Applications: Where Each Cartridge Excels
The .450 Marlin shines in close-to-medium range hunting of large game. Its flatter trajectory makes it excellent for quick, accurate shots within its effective range. It's a formidable cartridge for North American big game such as black bear, elk, and deer, provided the shot is well-placed.
The .45-70, with its heavier bullet options and potential for higher energy, excels in situations requiring longer-range accuracy or when hunting exceptionally large or tough game. It's a proven performer on elk, moose, and even dangerous game, particularly when utilized with heavier bullets and appropriate rifle platforms.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Cartridge
Ultimately, the best choice between the .450 Marlin and the .45-70 hinges on your specific needs. The .450 Marlin offers a slightly more manageable recoil, excellent short-to-medium range accuracy, and is well-suited for lever-action hunting. The .45-70, however, offers greater versatility in rifle platforms, a wider range of ammunition options, and the potential for greater stopping power at longer ranges. Carefully consider your hunting style, preferred rifle type, and the types of game you intend to hunt before making your decision.
